INTRODUCTION OF BASIC INFORMATION ABOUT AUSTRALIA

- Full name: The Commonwealth of Australia

- Geographical location: Australia in Oceania, is the continent in the Southern Hemisphere, between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.

- Area: 7,686,850 km2, of which the land area is 7,617,930 km2 and the water surface area is 68,920 km2. Australia is the largest island in the world, the sixth largest area in the world after Russia, Canada, China, the United States and Brazil

- Natural resources:

Minerals: Boxite, coal, iron ore, copper, gold, silver, uranium, nickel, tin, tungsten, lead, zinc, diamond, natural gas, petroleum

Note: Australia is the world's largest coal exporter, accounting for 29% of the world's total coal export. In addition, Australia is also one of the largest exporters of minerals, energy and agricultural products.

Nature: Australia has an extremely rich and unique ecosystem in the world which is quite favorable for the development of agriculture and animal husbandry.

- Population: 23.13 million (as of June 2013)

 Population structure: 0-14 years: 18.9%, 15-64 years: 66.7%, over 65 years: 14.4%

 Population growth rate: 1.8% (2013)

- Ethnicity: More than a quarter of Australia's population is born abroad. The 10 countries with the highest number of immigrants to Australia in 2010-2011 were New Zealand, China, the United Kingdom, India, the Philippines, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Iraq and Malaysia. The white man 92%, Asians 7%, aboriginals and other ethnicities 1%

- Religion: Catholic, Anglican are the most. However, Hinduism is the fastest growing sect in Australia.

- Capital: Canberra

- National Day: January 26 (1901)

- Date of establishing diplomatic relations with Vietnam: February 26, 1973

- Legal system: Based on the common English legal system. The judiciary also has two levels: Federal and state

- GDP: 1,488 billion USD (2013) ranked 12th in the world

- Per capita income: USD 64,157 (2013)

- Labor force: 11,466 million (as of January 2014)

- Labor force by occupation sector: agriculture: 3.6%, industry 21.1%, service: 75%

- Main agricultural products: Wheat, barley, sugarcane, fruits, cattle, sheep and poultry

- Main industrial products: Mining, transport equipment and industry, food processing, steel, chemicals

- Export: nearly 263 billion USD (2013)

- Main export products: iron ore, gold coal, natural gas, crude oil

- Exporting partners: China, Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, New Zealand

- Import: USD 241.3 billion (2013)

- Main import products: original oil and petroleum products, machinery and transport equipment, communication equipment

- Importing partners: China, USA, Japan, Thailand, Singapore, Germany, Malaysia

(Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics)

Institutions:

Australia is a constitutional monarchy, an independent nation, a member of the United Kingdom. Queen Elizabeth II is also Queen of Australia, head of State; The Queen's representative throughout Australia is Governor-General and in each state is Governor. The Head of Government is the Prime Minister, with a term of 03 years. The Prime Minister appoints ministers in the cabinet. The political system is built according to the federal - state structure.

Current key leaders:

+ Governor: Mr. Peter Cosgrove.

+ Prime Minister: Mr. Tony Abbott

+ Senate President: Mr. Stephen Parry

+ Speaker of the House of Representatives: Ms. Bronwyn Bishop

+ Secretary of State: Mrs. Julie Bishop

+ Minister of Trade and Investment: Andrew Robb

Territories:

Australia has 6 states and two main territories on the mainland. There are also a few other additional territories under the control of the federal government.

The states are New South Wales (NSW), Queensland (QLD), South Australia (South Australia), Tasmania, Victoria (VIC) and Western Australia (Western Australia). The two main territories are the Northern Teritory and the Australian Capital Territory (ACT).

Climate

This is the driest continent in the world with the tropical climate (the North) and the temperate climate (the South). Australia faces many challenges in maintaining adequate water supply under climate change conditions. The north has a tropical climate. The summer from January to March has a humid climate. The winter is dry. The hinterland is very hot and dry. The outer edge of the south coast is temperate climate and subtropical climate with hot and humid summers, winters are mild and rain. Common disasters: tornadoes along the coast, drought and forest fires

Cultural

Since 1788, the main foundation of Australian culture has been Anglo-Celtic, although its own unique characteristics have also been emerging from the natural environment and Aboriginal culture. By the mid-20th century, Australian culture was heavily influenced by American popular culture, mainly television and film, by neighboring countries and by a large proportion of immigrants from non-speaking countries.

Economy

Overview of economic development situation

The Australian economy has been highly competitive and prominent in the world in recent years. With a stable economic growth rate of about 3.5% / year over the past 20 years, inflation is low and stable (2.5% / year for the past 15 years; down from 3% in 2011 to 1.6% in 2012, however, the inflation rate increased to 2.2% in 2013), the unemployment rate was low (5.8% in 2013 compared to the highest level of 11% in 1992). ), Australia is considered the most open economy in the world, developing the most dynamic among industrialized countries. Australia has an efficient private sector, a dynamic labor market and a very competitive commercial area.

The economy of industry and agriculture is quite developed. Previously, the two main industries that contributed the most to GDP were livestock and crop production. Since after World War II, Australia has changed its economic structure and now the manufacturing industry is thriving. Australia, in particular, is one of the few countries with a strong knowledge economy, with the information and communication technology (ICT) industry being the key. Australia's ICT market is valued at US $ 89 billion with more than 25,000 active companies and 236,000 employees

Trade in Australia continued the trend of trade deficit, in 2013 Australia had a trade deficit of AU $ 648 million.

Key economic sectors

Agriculture: Agriculture in Australia has developed in a modern way and is even seen as an industry, employing 420,000 people and contributing 3% to GDP.

Australian crop and livestock products are rich in variety. Only 20% of the output is consumed domestically, the rest meets the export demand. Australia has a strong voice in favor of free trade in agriculture. The country's agricultural subsidies are almost negligible, although protection is still provided in some "exceptions" such as when a drought occurs.

Australian agriculture faces a number of challenges, such as protecting water resources against drought, preventing soil salinity and the controversy surrounding the development of genetically modified foods. In the domestic market, agribusinesses have to compete fiercely to win export opportunities.

Australia is one of the very few countries in the world that exports opium legally. Wine, beef, fleece are famous products of this market.

Food processing: Australia's food processing industry is diverse in product categories and is an essential component of the nation's economy. This is the largest industry in the country with a turnover of over USD 111.2 billion in 2011-2012.

Mining: Mining is one of the earliest industries in Australia. The most important is the coal mining industry. Coal is mined in all Australian states. It is used for thermal power generation and export. 75% of coal is exported, mainly to East Asia. Coal supplies 85% of the country's electricity consumption.

Mining contributes 5.6% to GDP, but it accounts for 35% of Australia's exports. It is the world's largest exporter of coal, iron ore, lead, diamond, titanium, tin and riniconi; ranked second in the world in gold and uranium and ranked third in the world in exporting aluminum.

Trade

In addition to maintaining a strong growth in the trade of goods, the export market for new services and sophisticated manufactured products has also grown.

Thanks to diversification of export facilities, Australian is now not only a commodity exporter but also a country with sophisticated manufacturing and service industries. Australia's trade in goods has grown, with export markets for new services and sophisticated manufacturing products also emerging.

The greatest strength of Australian exports is reflected in the export of primary products. Australia's primary export products include agricultural products, minerals and energy products. These products contribute greatly to national development.

Australia is a world leader in high-quality agricultural products and food. Australia also exports its primary products in the form of export processing. The factors driving Australia's tremendous growth and change in exports include: product diversification, target market diversification and innovation, creating added value right from the original product, Increasing world demand for processed beverages and food.

Invest

Australia is a highly competitive investment address in Asia Pacific with many advantages to attract investment such as open economy, low inflation and interest rates, a reliable and dedicated workforce and the rate of industrial disputes is low, the labor force is multilingual, trained at a high level, skilled, able to use computers, an open and effective legal environment, and the domestic market are relatively large in scale and closely connected with the Asia-Pacific region, etc.

The stage of 2012 and 2013, foreign investment in Australia reached $ 135.7 billion.

Technology development and innovation are becoming increasingly important for Australian economic growth. Over the past decade, Australia has rapidly implemented information technology development to increase the added value to business activities in all areas of industry and services.

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