BOOKING TRAVEL / MARINE ENVIRONMENT IN AUSTRALIA


Activity summary - Marine environment

Australia's marine environment is the third largest marine jurisdiction in the world, with 13.86 million square kilometers. It is home to a wide range of marine species, many of which do not appear anywhere else in the world. Our oceans also contribute to the lifestyles of many Australians, 85% of whom live within 100 km of the ocean. The ocean is an important and essential component of land and sea cultural practices for indigenous communities. Our oceans directly and indirectly support commercial fisheries and aquaculture, valued at US $ 2.5 billion in 201314. The economic value of resources extracted from the oceans of We expect to more than double by 20293030; By 2025, the maritime industry is expected to contribute about $ 100 billion a year to Australia's overall economy. Australian species and our natural sea treasures include the Great Barrier Reef in Queensland, Lord Howe Island in New South Wales, Great Australia Bight in South Australia and Ningaloo Reef in Western Australia. from cruises. Importantly, our oceans and coasts provide an additional $ 25 billion in ecosystem services, such as carbon dioxide uptake, nutrient cycling and coastal protection.

Our oceans are subjected to various pressures due to the use of ocean resources and man-controlled environmental change. Some pressures, historically, have had a significant impact on the marine environment, such as commercial fishing, and oil exploration, which are now declining as economic pressure and regulatory frameworks are in place to ensure Sustainability and environmental protection in the future. The management framework for using marine resources and traditional recreational fishing has also been improved, but from a lower base. A number of pressures, such as those related to climate change and marine debris, continue to increase, largely with limited management. Extreme climate reporting since the 2011 Environmental Status Report (SoE) has led to widespread coral bleaching, loss of kelp forests, destruction of animal habitats and deaths. invertebrates in both western and eastern Australia. While the overall condition of habitats, communities and species groups may be good, there are individual species and habitats that are still in poor or declining condition. Trends in many marine habitats, communities, species groups, processes and listed species are still unclear, thus limiting the power of assessments made by successive SoE reports.

Prospects for the marine environment, with current pressures and regulatory frameworks in place to mitigate these pressures, are clearly mixed. Many improvements to regulatory frameworks throughout the Australian Government and state and territory jurisdictions, including the implementation of new national regulatory bodies, have yielded beneficial results for the environment. sea ​​school. However, efforts continue to be poorly coordinated across sectors and jurisdictions. The lack of recognition of a range of pressures on marine resources and coordinated methods for managing these pressures are likely to result in a gradual decline, despite appropriate management of individual and sectoral pressures. or jurisdiction. Consequently, many management plans currently do not support the resilience building of marine ecosystems. Improve monitoring and reporting of marine ecosystems based on existing observation programs, such as Integrated Marine Observation System, Long-term temperate MPA Monitoring Program and Long-term Monitoring Program of the Australian Marine Science Institute, will be required to meet future stakeholders and public expectations, and support future assessments made in SoEkhung's report. Further development and implementation of strong management options for future changes in marine ecosystems will minimize the risks to our existing natural assets and human use, and minimize diversify new opportunities, especially in climate sensitive industries such as fisheries and energy. Tackling challenges for the marine environment as we look to the future will require a concerted, collaborative and dedicated effort involving researchers, governments, industry and the Australian community. Key gaps in the current capacity to conduct national marine environmental assessments have been outlined and the potential solutions provided can significantly improve future SoE reporting.


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